Afghanistan,Albania,Algeria,Andorra,Argentina(I),Armenia,Australia,Austria,Azerbaijan,Bahamas(I), Bahrain,Bangladesh,Barbados(I),Belarus,Belgium,Bermuda(I),Bosnia and Herzegovina,Botswana(I),Bulgaria,Canada, China,Croatia,Cyprus,Czech Republic,Denmark,Djibouti,Egypt,Estonia,Ethiopia,Finland, France,Georgia,Germany,Gibraltar,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,India - mainland,Iran,Iraq, Ireland,Israel,Italy,Jamaica(I),Japan,Jordan,Kazakhstan,Kuwait,Kyrgyzstan,Latvia, Lebanon,Libya,Liechtenstein,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Macedonia,Malta,Mauritania,Mexico(I),Moldova, Monaco,Mongolia,Montenegro,Morocco,Myanmar,Namibia,Nepal,Netherlands,Netherlands Antilles(I),New Zealand, Norway,Oman,Pakistan,Palestine,Papua New Guinea,Poland,Portugal,Puerto Rico(I),Romania,Russia, San Marino,Saudi Arabia,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Somalia,South Africa,South Korea,Spain,Sweden, Switzerland,Syria,Taiwan,Tajikistan,Thailand,Tonga(I),Tunisia,Turkey,Turkmenistan,Ukraine, United Arab Emirates,United Kingdom,United States - Alaska,United States - Hawaii,United States - mainland,Uzbekistan,Vietnam,Yemen,
IOC 13.1 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
caucasicus
Caucasus to s Iran
humii
w Himalayas
porphyronotus
e Kazakhstan and nw China to Uzbekistan and Tajikistan
nobilior
ne Iran, s Turkmenistan and Afghanistan
oppenheimi
se Turkey and n Iraq
purpurascens
e Turkey, Georgia and Armenia
tauricus
Ukraine, sw Russia and Turkey
poltaratskyi
se European Russia to w Mongolia
granti
Azores (all islands, nw Macaronesia, nw of n Africa)
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)